Optical fibers may be connected to each other by connectors or by splicing, i. Identification of materials, accessories and different types of fiber optic cables. As we said above, fusion splicer is the machine used to weld fuse two optical fibers together. An endview function has a good accuracy for core alignment of rotational direction. Installing and testing fiber optics the fiber optic association. Two optical fiber splicing methods are available for permanent joining of two optical fibers. Techniques for a good fusion splicing between multicore fibers are demonstrated. A swing electrode system is capable for uniform and lowloss fusion splicing. This method aligns the two fiber ends to a common centerline, aligning their cores so the light can pass from one fiber to another. The two primary methods of splicing fibers are fusion and. In mechanical splicing, the optical fiber cores are aligned and then joined within a precision, sleevelike assembly to allow the optical light to pass from one fiber to the other. However, working with those hairthin strands of glass can be intimidating to installers. The most successful of these techniques, interior capillarytube splicing, produced robust splices with an. Fusion splicing welds fibers together in an electrical arc.
In this paper, we present the analysis of the parameters that related to fusion splicing loss of smf28 and mp980 optical fiber such as axial misalignment d and angular misalignment. Review of fabrication techniques for fused fiber components. This method is most popular for fast, temporary restoration and splicing multimode fibers. In addition to being used on pigtails, fusion splicers are now commonly used to join optical fibers to spliceon connectors socs. Fibre optic splicing fiber splicing electronics notes. Jan 26, 2018 part of utels knowledge base series of videos about fiber optics, this guide provides a thorough introduction to fusion and mechanical splicing as well as a demonstration of fusion splicing. It provides a toolbox of general strategies and specific techniques that the reader can apply when optimizing fusion splices between novel fibers.
The optical fiber cables are joined by fusion splicing process by following color code or sequence of buffer tubes and fibers in the cable and secure it in joint closure box at every joint location. It is also possible to incorporate wavelength division multiplexing techniques to further increase the transmission capacity of a singlemode fiber evertz optical platform is compatible with both multimode and singlemode fiber. The purpose of this article is to provide the nontechnical reader with an overview of. Fibre communication basics optical fibre connectors splicing optical transmitter optical receiver rather than using optical fibre connectors, it is possible to splice two optical fibres together. Summary of the invention an object of the present invention is a new method for splicing together optical fiber ends. Splicing optical fibers bell telephone laboratories. Fiber optics is a major building block in the telecommunication infrastructure.
A small cleaved angle is needed for stable and lowloss fusion splicing. Attenuation was found to depend heavily on injection conditions. History and vision of optical fiber fusion splicing technology. May 18, 2016 a mechanical splice is a junction of two or more optical fibers. The fibers are aligned and held in place by a selfcontained assembly. Mechanical splicing method mechanical splicing is an optical junction where the fibers are precisely aligned and held in place by a selfcontained assembly, not a permanent bond. A fusion splicing method for optical fibers in which optical fibers are fusion spliced in an inert gas atmosphere after water adsorbed on their surfaces is removed by decomposition in a plasma of an inert gas containing a halogen. In 1970s, the paper investigates the fusion splicing technique, the most fusion technique using high temperature. Optical fiber fusion splicing springer series in optical. Pulling cables is easy, as they are more rugged than category 5 copper cables, and installing patch panels and other hardware is straightforward. Fiber optics light transmission through flexible transmissive fibers for communications or lighting.
An optical fiber is a flexible, transparent fiber made by drawing glass or plastic to a diameter slightly thicker than that of a human hair. Why might the hot knife be a better way to cut plastic fiber optic cable than some other method. The choice of which method to use is typically dictated by the. May, 1975 the handling and aligning of verysmalldiameter fibers to achieve this desired result involve vexing problems. This technique is used in optical fiber communication, in order to form long optical links for. An optical fiber fusion splicer is an apparatus that. The simple connection of optical fibers using optical connectors and mechanical splices is. This document provides instructions for the fiber cable technician to properly pe rform fiber cable preparations, routings, splicing, terminations and connections within the. Feb, 2017 underground cable junction process with resin 24kv cellpack. The simple connection of optical fibers using optical connectors and mechanical splices is increasing. Optical communication pdf notes oc pdf notes smartzworld. Jun 15, 2015 in mechanical splicing, the optical fiber cores are aligned and then joined within a precision, sleevelike assembly to allow the optical light to pass from one fiber to the other.
In order to specify the characteristics of optical fibres and systems operating with optical amplifiers and the wdm technique, many new recommendations were developed in itut. To solve these problems, active work is underway in the optical fiber art to devise improved splicing techniques. Our unidirectional optical cards can transmit and receiver on both multimode and singlemode fibers. The handling and aligning of verysmalldiameter fibers to achieve this desired result involve vexing problems. This book is an uptodate treatment of optical fiber fusion splicing incorporating all the recent innovations in the field. Fiber optic cable splicing procedure pdf optical fiber cable. For ribbon type fibers, holders must be provided to strip, clean and splice to ensure good alignment. The fiber optic connector and splicing module was designed to be used as a supplement for the industrial fiber optics fiber optic demonstration system, although it can be used separately. An fibre optic splice is defined by the fact that it gives a permanent or relatively permanent connection between two fibre optic cables. Theres no doubt that termination of fiber optic cables is the most difficult part of the fiber optic installation process. An effective splicing method on photonic crystal fiber using. Fusion splicing of optical fibers electric arc fusion splicing require fiber end surfaces to be prepared for joint heating of prepared fiber ends to fusion point with application of axial pressure between two fibers.
Basics of fiber optics mark curranbrian shirk fiber optics, which is the science of light transmission through very fine glass or plastic fibers, continues to be used in more and more applications due to its inherent advantages over copper conductors. Fusion splicing requires a special machine to weld the optical fibers together via an electronic arc. Knowledge of fiber optic splicing methods is vital to any company or fiber optic technician involved in telecommunications or lan and networking projects. Pdf on oct 16, 2017, norazlina ahmad and others published the analysis of fusion splice technique on single mode fiber optic find. In mechanical splicing the broken fiber edges are aligned and are locked in position with the help of various positioning devices and optical cement. It provides a toolbox of general strategies and specific techniques that the reader can apply when optimizing fusion splices. Improving fiber optic connection and splicing techniques. In this section we will discuss several connection methods and tools used with optical fiber components. This report describes a technique by which the splice loss between two dissimilar fibers was reduced on. Optical fiber fusion splicer types fusion splicing machines. Part of utels knowledge base series of videos about fiber optics, this guide provides a thorough introduction to fusion and mechanical splicing as well as a demonstration of fusion splicing. Mass fusion splicing or ribbon splicing uses fusion splicing techniques on a dozen fibers or more at one time. Low loss splices to dissimilar optical fibers dtic. Jim hayes, president of the fiber optic association, observed, our experience recently, including teaching a couple of courses, is fusion splicing is getting more economical and easier, and the socs are super.
A number of techniques for making sapphiresilica fiber splices were attempted, with an effort toward optimizing injection conditions in the sapphire fiber. Laser diodes can be divided into two generic types depending on the method of confinement of. Fusion splice techniques for multicore fibers sciencedirect. The fiber ends are prepared, cleaved, and placed in alignment fixtures on the fusion splicer. Us4810054a fusion splicing method for optical fibers. At the press of a button, the fiber ends are heated with electrodes, brought together, and fused. Optical fibers are joined either by fusionmechanical splice, which is a permanent joint, or by connectors, which can be disengaged repeatedly. Index termsfusion splicing fibers, microoptical devices, microstructure. An effective splicing method on photonic crystal fiber.
Fiber cable preparation, splicing, and termination. A number of mechanical techniques for splicing individual optical fibers have been developed namely. Splicing of optical fibers is a technique used to join two optical fibers. Underground cable junction process with resin 24kv cellpack. Both methods provide much lower insertion loss compared to fiber connectors. Fusion splicing photonic crystal fibers and conventional.
Pdf the analysis of fusion splice technique on single. Optical fiber has changed telecommunications all over the world. There are many kinds of fusion splicing techniques, enabling connection between two optical fibers, such as an electric arc 6, and a co 2 laser 7. The optical attenuation in sapphire fibers was examined. Optical fibers are used most often as a means to transmit light between the two ends of the fiber and find wide usage in fiberoptic communications, where they permit transmission over longer distances and at higher bandwidths data transfer rates than. Fiber splicing is frequently used to establish longhaul optical. Optical fiber fusion splicer noriyuki kawanishi1 the essential requirements for establishing a lowloss and highspeed telecommunication line using optical fibers are high performance and quality splicing technology. Necessary splicing hardware needs to be developed to meet these challenges, in this paper, we present some advanced topics and techniques on fusion splicing of specialty fibers.
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