Glenohumeral joint anatomy, stabilizer, and biomechanics. Middle glenohumeral ligament anterior glenoid cavity lesser tubercle of humerus stabilise the glenohumeral joint. Anatomy and function of the glenohumeral ligaments in. Clinical anatomy and stabilizers of the glenohumeral joint. The glenohumeral joint has six degrees of freedom of motion, which can be described by three rotations and three translations with respect to the anatomic coordinate system. It is a ballandsocket joint, formed between the glenoid fossa of scapula gleno and the head of humerus humeral acting in conjunction with the pectoral girdle, the shoulder joint allows for a wide range of motion at the upper limb. In this article, we shall look at the anatomy of the shoulder joint and its important. Weissman md, in imaging of arthritis and metabolic bone disease, 2009. Glenohumeral ligaments static ligamentous restraints in different arm positions.
The glenohumeral gh joint is a true synovial ballandsocket style diarthroidal joint that is responsible for connecting the upper extremity to the trunk. This joint is considered to be the most mobile and least stable. The glenohumeral joint has six degrees of freedom of motion, which can be. Multidirectional instability mdi is a common condition affecting the shoulder joint. Anatomy the rotator interval is that portion of the shoulder joint where the rotator interval cap sule is reinforced externally by the cora cohumeral ligament chl and internally by the superior glenohumeral ligament sghl and traversed by the intraarticular biceps tendon. Almost 85% of shoulder dislocations are anterior dislocations. Choose from 500 different sets of glenohumeral joint anatomy 1 flashcards on quizlet. Humerus greater tubercle will impinge on the coracoacromial ligament or the acromion process unless the humerus externally rotates. The glenohumeral joint is the most frequently symptomatic of the shoulder joints and the one usually addressed in shoulder replacement tsr surgery. Articular capsule glenoid labrum glenohumeral ligaments coracohumeral ligament transverse humeral ligament the articular capsule completely encircles the joint, being ligament, above, to the circumference of the glenoid cavity beyond the glenoidal labrum. Glenohumeral ligaments this group of ligaments forms the joint capsule and connects the proximal humerus upper arm to the glenoid cavity. The shoulder joint glenohumeral joint is a ball and socket joint between the scapula and the humerus.
The head of the humerus is large compared to the glenoid fossa. When we move our arm around, movement occurs at both of these joints, with most two thirds occurring at the shoulder joint. The glenohumeral joint is structurally a ballandsocket joint and functionally is considered a diarthrodial, multiaxial, joint1. Diagnoses and treatment can prove to be a challenge for practitioners, especially if the underlying normal and pathologic anatomy is not well understood. Glenohumeral ligaments superior, middle and inferior the joint capsule is formed by this group of ligaments connecting the humerus to the glenoid fossa. It is one of four joints that comprise the shoulder complex. Shoulder joint anatomy medvizz anatomy medical animations. The capsuloligamentous complex at the glenohumeral joint first was described in 1829 and consists of the superior, middle, and inferior glenohumeral ligaments and the coracohumeral ligament. Glenohumeral joint joints of upper limb lecturio online. Instability of the glenohumeral joint the normal glenohumeral joint. Anatomy, shoulder and upper limb, glenohumeral joint. It articulates proximally with the glenoid via the glenohumeral gh joint, and distally with the. The vascular anatomy of the glenohumeral capsule and ligaments.
Convex humeral head rolls upward and glides downward on scapulas concave glenoid fossa. The glenohumeral joint is the articulation between the head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity of the scapula. The glenohumeral joint is the major articulation of the shoulder joint. The muscles surrounding the joint undergo reflex spasm in response to pain originating in the joint, which in turn serves to immobilize the joint and thus reduce the pain. This is the only joint among the four joints within the shoulder that features a ballandsocket construction. Joints are thus functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, which is a freely moveable joint arthroun to fasten by a joint.
Learn glenohumeral joint anatomy 1 with free interactive flashcards. It is attached above to the circumference of the glenoid cavity beyond the glenoidal labrum, and below to the anatomical neck of the humerus, approaching nearer to the articular cartilage above than in the rest of its extent. Due to wide range of movement it is also most unstable joint compared to other joints of the body. It is the major joint connecting the upper limb to the trunk. Other articles where glenohumeral joint is discussed. Learn glenohumeral anatomy with free interactive flashcards.
Superior glenohumeral ligament upper part of glenoid labrum superior humeral neck stabilise the glenohumeral joint limit lateral rotation and extension of joint. The glenohumeral joint is the ballandsocket junction of the top of the arm bone, and the socket of the shoulder blade. Glenohumeral joint where the ball head of the humerus fits into glenoid socket on the end of the scapula. Apr 29, 2020 the glenohumeral, or shoulder, joint is a synovial joint that attaches the upper limb to the axial skeleton.
The glenohumeral articulation involves the humeral head with the glenoid cavity of the scapula, and it represents the major articulation of the shoulder girdle2. The latter also includes minor articulations of the sternoclavicular sc, acromioclavicular ac. The shoulder joint is the junction between the chest and the upper extremity. Joints are classified both structurally and functionally. Explore and learn about the glenohumeral joint with our 3d interactive anatomy atlas. The primary structures affected by ra in the shoulder include the glenohumeral joint, rotator cuff, and distal end of the clavicle. The bones entering into its formation are the hemispherical head of the humerus and the shallow glenoid cavity of the scapula, an arrangement which permits of very considerable movement, while the joint itself is protected against displacement by the tendons which surround it. Their function is depend ent on arm position and the direction of ap plied force on the shoulder joint. A joint, also called an articulation, is any place where adjacent bones or bone and cartilage come together articulate with each other to form a connection. The glenohumeral joint is a ball and socket articulation between the glenoid fossa of the scapula and the head of the humerus. The glenohumeral joint is perhaps the most recognizable component of the shoulder. To the margins of the scapula are attached muscles that aid in moving or fixing the shoulder as demanded by movements of the upper limb. The humeral head is the ball part of the ball and socket.
The joint is sensitive to pain, pressure, excessive traction, and distension. The authors explore the anatomy of the glenohumeral joint and the surrounding structures that contribute to the function of the joint. A second joint in the shoulder is the junction of the collar bone with the shoulder blade, called the. Dissections, anatomy tables, atlas images, links, etc. Clinical anatomy and stabilizers of the glenohumeral joint shoulder pain and instability are common complaints in primary care and orthopaedic sports medicine clinics. It is a ballandsocket joint, formed between the glenoid fossa of scapula gleno and the head of humerus humeral. It is one of the most mobile joints in the human body, at the cost of joint stability. The shoulder joint is an enarthrodial or ballandsocket joint the bones entering into its formation are the hemispherical head of the humerus and the shallow glenoid cavity of the scapula, an arrangement which permits of very considerable movement, while the joint itself is protected against displacement by the tendons which surround it. The anatomy of the glenohumeral ligaments has been shown to be complex and variable and their function is highly dependent on the position of the humerus with respect to the glenoid. Multidirectional instability mdi is a common condition affecting the. Movements edit from its neutral position, the shoulder girdle can be rotated about an imaginary vertical axis at the medial end of the clavicle the sternoclavicular joint. Mdi is characterized by diffuse capsular laxity due to inadequate ligament structures.
The superior glenohumeral ligament with the coracohumeral ligament was shown to be an important stabilizer in the inferior direction, even though the coracohumeral. Progressive cartilage destruction at the glenoid fossa and humeral head leads to diffuse and uniform loss of the glenohumeral joint space figure 209. The shoulder complex has the greatest mo bility of all joints. C ontrary to the anterior joint capsule, the posterior is quite thin. Superior glenohumeral ligament upper part of glenoid labrum. The glenohumeral joint is the most mobile joint in the body. Anatomy, shoulder and upper limb, glenohumeral joint ncbi. The principal bony elements to consider in this joint are the glenoid fossa of the scapula and the head of the. Anatomy of the glenohumeral ligaments article pdf available in italian journal of anatomy and embryology archivio italiano di anatomia ed embriologia 22018. Apr 14, 2020 the shoulder joint is the junction between the chest and the upper extremity. The glenohumeral joint allows for adduction, abduction, medial and lateral rotation, flexion and.
These may be best seen by opening the capsule at the back of the joint and removing the head of the. The glenoid fossa has a rim of tissue around it called the glenoid labrum. Anatomy of the shoulder joint journal of orthopaedic. The glenohumeral, or shoulder, joint is a synovial joint that attaches the upper limb to the axial skeleton. The shoulderjoint is an enarthrodial or ballandsocket joint. Glenohumeral joint an overview sciencedirect topics. A thickening of m iddle layer reinforces the axillary pouch. The acromioclavicular joint is where the acromion, part of the shoulder blade scapula and the collar bone clavicle meet. The capsule of the glenohumeral shoulder joint is the articular capsule of the shoulder. Arthrokinematics of the glenohumeral joint during glenohumeral abduction. The glenohumeral joint is where the ball humeral head and the socket the glenoid meet. Dislocation of the glenohumeral joint occurs when the humeral head is moved out of contact with the glenoid cavity. Background and objectives in 2011, chronic shoulder joint pain was reported by 18.
Google scholar warner jj, deng xh, warren rf, torzilli pa. Coracohumeral ligament this ligament connects the base of the coracoid process, a small hooklike structure on the lateral edge of the upper front portion of the shoulder blade. It has the greatest range of motion of any joint in the body. Glenohumeral joint where the ball head of the humerus. The normal glenohumeral joint consists of multiple bones, tendons, and ligaments structures that work together to form the most mobile joint in the body. This joint plays a role during complex movements while the arm is fully flexed at the glenohumeral joint, such as changing a lightbulb, or painting a ceiling. The shoulder is made up of two joints, the acromioclavicular joint and the glenohumeral joint. Nov 30, 2017 the glenohumeral joint is the major articulation of the shoulder joint. Shoulder glenohumeral joint integrated functional anatomy of the. It is attached above to the circumference of the glenoid cavity beyond the glenoidal labrum, and below to the anatomical neck of the humerus, approaching nearer to the articular cartilage above than in the rest of its extent it is thicker above and. Pdf anatomy, shoulder and upper limb, shoulder muscles. It is a ball and socket type of synovial joint with three rotatory and three translatory degree of freedom.
Overhanging the glenoid cavity is a beaklike projection, the coracoid process, which completes the shoulder socket. Glenohumeral joint instability patrick omoumi, md,1,2 pedro teixeira, md,2 fre. The glenohumeral joint is structurally a ballandsocket joint and functionally is considered a diarthrodial, multiaxial, joint 1. Structural classifications of joints take into account whether the adjacent bones are strongly anchored to each other by fibrous connective tissue or cartilage, or whether the. The shoulderjoint is an enarthrodial or ballandsocket joint the bones entering into its formation are the hemispherical head of the humerus and the shallow glenoid cavity of the scapula, an arrangement which permits of very considerable movement, while the joint itself is protected against displacement by the tendons which surround it. Anatomy and physiology, ed 7, new york, 2006, mcgrawhill. Imageguided radiofrequency ablation has emerged as an alternative intervention to manage chronic shoulder joint pain. Glenohumeral shoulder joint definition human anatomy. Oct 30, 2008 shoulder joint anatomy medvizz anatomy medical animations. Glenohumeral joint definition defined by arthritishealth.
Acromioclavicular joint where the acromion of the scapula which comes over the top of the shoulder joint joins with the clavicle 3. Take our quiz on the glenohumeral joint components and. Static capsuloligamentous restraints to superiorinferior translation of the glenohumeral joint. In addition to the coracohumeral ligament, three supplemental bands, which are named the glenohumeral ligaments, strengthen the capsule. Clinical anatomy and biomechanics of the glenohumeral joint. Introduction shoulder joint is formed by scapula and clavicle which is also called as shoulder girdleand proximal humerus. Glenohumeral degenerative joint disease gdjd, also known as osteoarthritis of the shoulder, is a condition characterized by degeneration or wearing away of the protective cartilage that covers the ends of your bones articular cartilage. This joint is considered to be the most mobile and least stable joint in. To optimize the effectiveness of shoulder denervation, it requires a detailed understanding of the nerve supply to the glenohumeral and. This joint is formed from the combination of the humeral head and the glenoid fossa of the scapula.
Chapter 1 clinical anatomy and biomechanics of the glenohumeral joint including stabilizers thay q. The glenohumeral joint is a universal or ball and socket joint, because it allows three degrees of freedom, including circumduction. Static stabilizing structures include the osseous articular anatomy and joint congruity, the glenoid labrum, the glenohumeral ligaments, joint. The function of the shoulder is influenced by man joints. Anatomy of the human shoulder joint verywell health. Dec 17, 2018 the humerus is the largest bone of the upper extremity and defines the human brachium arm. The glenohumeral joint is located where the rounded head of the arms humerus bone meets the shoulder blade, and is stabilized by the surrounding. It may be a bilateral occurrence and is usually atraumatic in nature. Rounded joint surface the head of the humerus which sits in the socket glenoid to form the shoulder joint.
Bhanu prakash usmle, fmge and neet pg 88,302 views. Erosions and pseudocysts tend to be located at the. The shoulder joint structure movement teachmeanatomy. Clinical anatomy and biomechanics of the glenohumeral. The shoulder is the most mobile joint in the body with the least stability. Due to the relatively small contact area between the two joint surfaces, it is the most mobile joint in the body.
Pdf the vascular anatomy of the glenohumeral capsule and. The humerus is the largest bone of the upper extremity and defines the human brachium arm. The anatomy and histology of the inferior glenohumeral ligament complex of the shoulder. Pdf the shoulder joint glenohumeral joint is a ball and socket joint with the most extensive range of motion in the human body. The joint capsules of both the sternoclavicular and the acromioclavicular joints are reinforced by several ligaments. The glenohumeral joint provides the largest range of motion among all diarthrodial joints but also has the greatest propensity for instability. Chapter 5 the shoulder joint manual of structural kinesiology r. On one hand, this mobility is because of little bony congruity of. Choose from 500 different sets of glenohumeral anatomy flashcards on quizlet. Articular cartilage is a smooth shiny material that covers the humeral head and the glenoid fossa of the glenohumeral joint.
39 228 189 408 277 279 1414 1506 296 510 885 692 89 503 755 267 273 501 1212 1552 527 1164 1200 55 923 796 1087 635 490 881